What are the Basics of Managing Small Business Finances?

I’ve been reflecting on the articles I’ve sent out in the Creative Finance & Management newsletter. Some of them have a bigger company feel to them, and if you own a smaller company you may be feeling like I am not saying anything relevant to you.

I am also conscious that although I am trying to say things that are relevant to businesses with turnover between £1m and £25m, in reality the difference between businesses at £1m and £25m are huge. And the difference between businesses with one or two employees to those with over £1m turnover is also fairly large too.

We tend to talk about small business as if it were one category. But small business is actually more diverse than large business! (It makes me wonder how we can talk about an “SME sector” when we lump the one-man bands in with the £100m complex group.)

I have also met quite a few people running sub-£1m turnover businesses who wish there was some service like Charis FD’s to help them with their finances. Watch this space! It is on my radar and I hope to come up with something in the next few months.

But in the meantime I have been trying to think about what I could say to help small businesses of all sizes. What are the basics? The fundamentals? What are the financial management principles that will keep you on the right course from the tiny beginnings to the multi-million pound success story?

If you have read the full length article that I sent you recently – “The Essentials of Financial Management in Small Businesses” – then the points below will not be new to you. If you haven’t read that, I would commend it to you. You can download it by clicking on this link:

http://www.charisfd.com/page11/page11.html

In summary the basic principles that apply to everyone are:

1. You have to make a profit

2. Cash really is King

3. Have a plan and know what’s coming

4. Stick to the plan

5. Review your progress very regularly

6. Never spend more than you have to

First, you have to be making a profit. If you don’t make a profit in the long term you would have been better off if you stopped doing business. Ok, in the early days you may start off with losses while you are winning customers. But if you don’t make a profit quickly enough you will run out of money. Investors and lenders don’t like putting more money into businesses that are not profitable.

So don’t ever lose sight of that. Don’t ever say to yourself, “oh well, I’m still in the loss-making phase.” Instead, ask yourself, “how can I get us profitable more quickly?”

Second, if you run out of cash your business is finished. Cash is like the fuel in the car. Once it has dried up, the car is going nowhere. If you are trading at a loss, at least you are still trading! If you have no cash, you are not trading at all.

So get your customers paying on time, don’t hold too much stock, don’t pay suppliers too early (and make sure your credit limits are adequate by being a good payer), and make sure your business is properly funded by doing cashflow forecasts.

Third, planning is essential, whether you like it or not. You have to know where you want the business to go and what you want it to achieve, and then ask yourself how it is going to achieve it. And do that with detailed questions until you know exactly what you need to do.

Many businesses fail because they didn’t have a plan.

Fourth, stick to the plan. Obvious point, but worth making. A plan is pointless if you are not going to follow it. Make sure it is detailed enough to follow, but flexible enough to allow changing course if it’s not working as well as you thought.

Fifth, measure your success against the plan. That’s a positive and a negative. You must measure your success against the plan. But you should not waste time measuring things that don’t tell you how well you are performing against that plan. Your plan should include every important element in moving the business towards your visionary objective.

There are some things you always need to look at: Your income statement each month, your balance sheet, your debtors list and your cashflow forecast.

Other metrics you need to define and decide on for yourself, because they should relate to your unique business and your unique plan. Just ask yourself how you will know whether the business is succeeding for each key element of your plan.

Finally, following on from the point about making a profit, don’t spend more than you can afford. Easy to say. Not so easy to do.

It’s all about challenging every piece of expenditure that is proposed, whether it is in the business plan or not. Is it really necessary? Could it be deferred? Broadly speaking, if the spending does not either help to keep you in business or contribute to increasing your profit in the future, then it is not going to help your business. So don’t do it. Sometimes this is a subjective judgment, and you will not really know whether you got it right or wrong. But simply committing yourself to that frugal mindset will mean that you are probably going to get it right mostly, and you will have a more profitable and more successful business because of it.

Work within these principles and you will be more likely to succeed than 70% of small businesses out there, in my estimation. I hope you succeed!

Strategy and Planning in Business

This is the second in an 8-part series especially for new subscribers to the Creative Finance & Management email newsletter. Every week we are sending you an article aimed at helping you to think about a different aspect of the financial management of your business. This is in addition to the normal bi-weekly newsletter. We are doing it to give all new subscribers the same orientation to the way that Charis FD thinks about small business performance management. That way we can have confidence that all our subscribers have been given the benefit of foundational advice in all aspects of business performance management.

If you miss any of these articles, don't worry. They are on the Creative Finance & Management blog. Just look for the "New_Subscribers" tag.

These are the articles in the New Subscribers series:

1. The ingredients for success in Finance
2. Strategy and Planning
3. Business Change - implementing your strategic plans
4. Measurement and Management go together
5. Paralysis without analysis
6. Your Finance team - a valued asset
7. Stakeholder management - the importance of keeping people happy
8. Internal Control - 3 fallacies that add risk to your business

So, ...

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Strategy and Planning in Business
I guess the first thing you may be thinking is that you don't need fancy strategies in your business, because it's so small, so why should you bother with this article. Surely you just keep working hard and you'll make more money without going through pointless navel-gazing exercises to come up with strategies!? Well, I'd kind of agree with you that you don't need FANCY strategies, but in reality every business has strategies whether it consciously acknowledges them or not. So wouldn't it be better to choose those strategies intentionally than to drift into them?

It's all because the word "strategy" sounds a bit technical, something that generals do in wars when they have to organise lots of soldiers. It has connotations that sound big. But that need not be the case. Really a strategy is just a specified approach to overcome a problem or achieve an aspiration. And each strategy can have a number of activities within it that can be planned specifically.

So if you have a problem you want to overcome or an aspiration you want to achieve, then your approach to doing that will be your strategy. So you see that we all have strategies, even if your strategy to date has been to "wing it"!

One of my philosophies is that if you want to get anywhere with anything you have to be intentional and analytical. Being intentional is my point for now. For example, when I am trying to coach my son in how to get better at playing football I often tell him to be "intentional". In other words, don't just stand around on the pitch waiting for the ball to come your way, and when it does come your way don't just swing your foot at it and hope for the best! You must have a reason for being where you are, to gain an advantage for your team, and when you kick the ball you must know where you want it to go.

It's exactly the same with business strategy. You have to be intentional. And it doesn't have to be fancy and complex. Just have an intention. Because if you have an intention, it means you must have thought about it and have a reason for it.

Hopefully I've persuaded you that even if you have a small business you still need strategies. In the remaining space let's have a look at what you need to develop good strategies.

First, you need a "vision". A vision is simply a statement of where you want the business to get to. What's your dream for the business? How much profit? How much turnover? How big a valuation? Market share? Being number one? Even a one-man business has a dream. I know I do. But if you are going to be intentional you need to be specific about all the things you want the business to achieve.

Second, you need to know what the "strategic issues" are. Strategic issues are the barriers and challenges to be overcome or met in trying to achieve the vision. And to know what these are you have to be analytical. You have to gather facts and be honest about the market, the competition, your customers, your suppliers, the economy, and many other things. I know that small businesses often don't have the time and resources to gather all the information they would like, but mark my words, the more information you have the better equipped you will be.

Third, you need "strategies" to address the strategic issues. And to decide on strategies you may have several options to consider. Being clear about your vision and the strategic issues enables you to weigh up each option on its merits. Does this particular option address the issues completely or partially or not at all? Does it help with more than one strategic issue?

Fourth, each strategy needs a "plan". In order to successfully carry out a strategy you need to plan it, so that you know what needs to be done.

Last point - write it down and make a record of your vision and strategy. I wish I could remember where I heard this, but there was some research done on some graduates and whether they achieved their dreams. A much higher percentage of those who wrote down what they wanted to achieve did achieve their dreams. They had something to go back to and remind them what they were supposed to be focussing on, something to measure their performance against.

If you haven't ever thought of any of these things, why not have a go at jotting something down? Sure, there are coaches that can help you and courses, seminars and workshops that can give you more guidance and depth (and I would definitely recommend these things if you can afford them), but in my opinion you can get a long way by simply being intentional and analytical and ensuring that all your plans link through strategies to your vision.

All the best!

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Until next time...

If at any stage you want to talk to us, we're quite happy to give you a call to talk more about your business and the challenges you face. And you may be eligible for a free Finance Strategy Review session. To set that up either email us at enquiries@charisfd.com, remembering to leave your phone number and email address; or go to our website and complete the contact form.

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